feat: 库存看板增加 BOM 物料齐套视角 + BOM 详情显示当前在库/状态

- 库存看板新增「BOM 物料齐套」标签页(仅 admin/manager), 逐棵 BOM 列出组成物料的
  单套用量/当前在库/状态, 并给出整体齐套结论
- BOM 详情页组成物料表新增「当前在库」「状态」两列
- 抽出统一 _status_of() 判定函数, 红/黄/绿逻辑与看板一致
- 新增 tools/verify_bom_board.py 端到端验证脚本(已通过)
- 新增使用教程 物料入库出库系统_使用教程.md
- .gitignore 忽略 _backup/(旧 EXE 备份)

app.py

@@ -99,6 +99,15 @@ def stock_map():
     return {i: inb.get(i, 0) - out.get(i, 0) for i in ids}
 
 
+def _status_of(stock, safety):
+    """库存状态: danger=负库存, warn=低于安全库存, ok=正常"""
+    if stock < 0:
+        return "danger"
+    if stock < (safety or 0):
+        return "warn"
+    return "ok"
+
+
 def inbound_total_map():
     """返回 {material_id: 入库总数量}"""
     rows = db.session.execute(
@@ -276,16 +285,40 @@ def dashboard():
     low = 0
     for m in mats:
         stock = sm.get(m.id, 0)
-        if stock < 0:
+        status = _status_of(stock, m.safety_stock)
+        if status == "danger":
             negative += 1
-            status = "danger"
-        elif stock < (m.safety_stock or 0):
+        elif status == "warn":
             low += 1
-            status = "warn"
-        else:
-            status = "ok"
         rows.append({"m": m, "stock": stock, "status": status})
-    return render_template("dashboard.html", rows=rows, negative=negative, low=low)
+
+    # BOM 物料齐套看板(仅管理员/主管可见)
+    can_bom = bool(g.user and g.user.role in ("admin", "manager"))
+    bom_board = []
+    if can_bom:
+        boms = db.session.scalars(db.select(Bom).order_by(Bom.code)).all()
+        for b in boms:
+            items = db.session.scalars(
+                db.select(BomItem).where(BomItem.bom_id == b.id).order_by(BomItem.id)
+            ).all()
+            item_rows = []
+            for it in items:
+                m = db.session.get(Material, it.material_id)
+                if not m:
+                    continue
+                stock = sm.get(m.id, 0)
+                item_rows.append({"m": m, "qty": it.qty_per_unit,
+                                  "stock": stock, "status": _status_of(stock, m.safety_stock)})
+            if any(x["status"] == "danger" for x in item_rows):
+                bstatus = "danger"
+            elif any(x["status"] == "warn" for x in item_rows):
+                bstatus = "warn"
+            else:
+                bstatus = "ok"
+            bom_board.append({"b": b, "parts": item_rows, "status": bstatus})
+
+    return render_template("dashboard.html", rows=rows, negative=negative, low=low,
+                           bom_board=bom_board, can_bom=can_bom)
 
 
 # ---------------- 物料 ----------------
@@ -555,10 +588,15 @@ def bom_detail(bid):
         db.select(BomItem).where(BomItem.bom_id == b.id)
         .order_by(BomItem.id)
     ).all()
+    sm = stock_map()
     rows = []
     for it in items:
         m = db.session.get(Material, it.material_id)
-        rows.append({"m": m, "qty": it.qty_per_unit})
+        if not m:
+            continue
+        stock = sm.get(m.id, 0)
+        rows.append({"m": m, "qty": it.qty_per_unit,
+                     "stock": stock, "status": _status_of(stock, m.safety_stock)})
     return render_template("bom_detail.html", b=b, rows=rows)