diff --git a/app.py b/app.py
index 1e65acf..1a5da7c 100644
--- a/app.py
+++ b/app.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from flask import (Flask, render_template, request, redirect, url_for,
 from sqlalchemy import update
 
 from models import (db, User, Material, Inbound, Outbound,
-                    Bom, BomItem, ProdOrder, ProdOrderAlloc, OperationLog, Factory, Transfer, Substitute)
+                    Bom, BomItem, ProdOrder, ProdOrderAlloc, OperationLog, Factory, Transfer, Substitute, PrepPlan)
 
 # ---------------- 路径(兼容 PyInstaller 冻结) ----------------
 if getattr(sys, "frozen", False):
@@ -1913,6 +1913,245 @@ def export_inventory():
     return send_file(path, as_attachment=True, download_name=os.path.basename(path))
 
 
+# ---------------- 备料(采购下单用, 不记账) ----------------
+def _compute_prep(fid):
+    """备料清单 = 手工维护的「计划数量」列表(与生产订单无关, 不记账)。
+
+    - 数据来源: prep_plan 表(用户手动添加物料 + 计划数量), 不再联动生产订单。
+    - 实际库存 = stock_map(fid)  (随顶栏工厂过滤; fid=None 为全部工厂汇总)。
+    - 缺口 = 计划数量 − 实际库存  (>0 需采购 / <0 盈余)。
+    返回 rows(按物料编号排序)。
+    """
+    q = db.select(PrepPlan)
+    if fid:
+        # 选定某厂: 显示该厂专属计划 + 共享(全部范围)计划
+        q = q.where((PrepPlan.factory_id == fid) | (PrepPlan.factory_id.is_(None)))
+    # fid 为 None(全部): 显示全部计划
+    plans = db.session.scalars(q).all()
+    sm = stock_map(fid)
+    mats = {m.id: m for m in db.session.scalars(db.select(Material)).all()}
+    rows = []
+    for p in plans:
+        m = mats.get(p.material_id)
+        if not m:
+            continue
+        plan = round(p.plan_qty or 0, 2)
+        stock = round(sm.get(m.id, 0), 2)
+        diff = round(plan - stock, 2)
+        rows.append({"id": p.id, "m": m, "plan": plan, "stock": stock,
+                     "diff": diff, "short": diff > 0.001})
+    rows.sort(key=lambda r: r["m"].part_number)
+    return rows
+
+
+@app.route("/prepare")
+@login_required
+@role_required("admin", "manager")
+def prepare():
+    fid = current_fid()
+    rows = _compute_prep(fid)
+    mats = db.session.scalars(
+        db.select(Material).order_by(Material.part_number)).all()
+    boms = db.session.scalars(db.select(Bom).order_by(Bom.code)).all()
+    bom_opts = [{"id": b.id, "label": f"{b.code} · {b.name or ''}"} for b in boms]
+    return render_template("prepare.html", rows=rows, materials=mats,
+                           bom_opts=bom_opts,
+                           today=date.today().isoformat())
+
+
+@app.route("/prepare/add", methods=["POST"])
+@login_required
+@role_required("admin", "manager")
+def prepare_add():
+    """手工添加(或更新)一条备料计划: 指定物料编号 + 计划数量(不记账)。"""
+    fid = current_fid()
+    pn = (request.form.get("part_number") or "").strip()
+    qty_raw = (request.form.get("qty") or "").strip()
+    if not pn:
+        flash("请填写物料编号", "warn")
+        return redirect(url_for("prepare"))
+    m = db.session.scalar(
+        db.select(Material).where(Material.part_number == pn))
+    if not m:
+        flash(f"未找到物料: {pn}", "warn")
+        return redirect(url_for("prepare"))
+    qty = None
+    if qty_raw != "":
+        try:
+            qty = round(float(qty_raw), 2)
+        except ValueError:
+            flash("计划数量不是合法数字", "warn")
+            return redirect(url_for("prepare"))
+    existing = db.session.scalar(
+        db.select(PrepPlan).where(PrepPlan.material_id == m.id,
+                                  PrepPlan.factory_id == fid))
+    if existing:
+        existing.plan_qty = qty
+        action = "更新"
+    else:
+        db.session.add(PrepPlan(material_id=m.id, factory_id=fid, plan_qty=qty))
+        action = "添加"
+    db.session.commit()
+    db.session.add(OperationLog(
+        operator=(g.user.display_name or g.user.username) if g.user else "?",
+        action="备料计划", target=pn,
+        detail=f"{action}备料(数量={qty}, 范围: {fid if fid else '全部'})"))
+    db.session.commit()
+    flash(f"已{action}备料: {pn}", "ok")
+    return redirect(url_for("prepare"))
+
+
+@app.route("/prepare/add_bom", methods=["POST"])
+@login_required
+@role_required("admin", "manager")
+def prepare_add_bom():
+    """按 BOM 批量生成备料计划: 计划数量 = BOM单套用量 × 套数。
+
+    物料来源 = 所选 BOM 的 BomItem; 套数由用户直接输入(默认 1 套)。
+    对该 BOM 中每个物料: 已存在的备料行刷新计划数量, 不存在则新建。
+    缺口 = 计划数量 − 实际库存(在 save/页面计算)。不记账。
+    """
+    fid = current_fid()
+    bid_raw = (request.form.get("bom_id") or "").strip()
+    sets_raw = (request.form.get("sets") or "1").strip()
+    if not bid_raw:
+        flash("请选择BOM", "warn")
+        return redirect(url_for("prepare"))
+    try:
+        bid = int(bid_raw)
+        sets = float(sets_raw) if sets_raw else 1.0
+        if sets <= 0:
+            sets = 1.0
+    except ValueError:
+        flash("BOM编号或套数不是合法数字", "warn")
+        return redirect(url_for("prepare"))
+    b = db.session.get(Bom, bid)
+    if not b:
+        flash("未找到该BOM", "warn")
+        return redirect(url_for("prepare"))
+    items = db.session.scalars(
+        db.select(BomItem).where(BomItem.bom_id == b.id)).all()
+    existing = {p.material_id: p for p in db.session.scalars(
+        db.select(PrepPlan).where(PrepPlan.factory_id == fid)).all()}
+    added, updated = 0, 0
+    for it in items:
+        plan = round((it.qty_per_unit or 0) * sets, 2)
+        if it.material_id in existing:
+            existing[it.material_id].plan_qty = plan
+            updated += 1
+        else:
+            db.session.add(PrepPlan(material_id=it.material_id, factory_id=fid, plan_qty=plan))
+            added += 1
+    db.session.commit()
+    db.session.add(OperationLog(
+        operator=(g.user.display_name or g.user.username) if g.user else "?",
+        action="备料计划", target=b.code,
+        detail=f"按BOM生成计划: 套数{sets}, 新增{added}/刷新{updated}个物料(范围: {fid if fid else '全部'})"))
+    db.session.commit()
+    flash(f"已按 BOM 生成计划：新增 {added} 个、刷新 {updated} 个物料"
+          f"（计划数量 = 单套用量 × {sets} 套）", "ok")
+    return redirect(url_for("prepare"))
+
+
+@app.route("/prepare/save", methods=["POST"])
+@login_required
+@role_required("admin", "manager")
+def prepare_save():
+    """批量保存已有备料行的「计划数量」(人工录入, 不记账)。"""
+    fid = current_fid()
+    saved = 0
+    for k, v in request.form.items():
+        if not k.startswith("plan_"):
+            continue
+        try:
+            pid = int(k.split("_", 1)[1])
+        except (ValueError, IndexError):
+            continue
+        val = (v or "").strip()
+        q = None
+        if val != "":
+            try:
+                q = round(float(val), 2)
+            except ValueError:
+                continue  # 非法输入跳过
+        p = db.session.get(PrepPlan, pid)
+        if not p:
+            continue
+        p.plan_qty = q
+        saved += 1
+    db.session.commit()
+    db.session.add(OperationLog(
+        operator=(g.user.display_name or g.user.username) if g.user else "?",
+        action="备料计划", target="备料清单",
+        detail=f"保存 {saved} 条计划数量(范围: {fid if fid else '全部'})"))
+    db.session.commit()
+    flash(f"已保存 {saved} 条备料计划数量", "ok")
+    return redirect(url_for("prepare"))
+
+
+@app.route("/prepare/delete/<int:pid>", methods=["POST"])
+@login_required
+@role_required("admin", "manager")
+def prepare_delete(pid):
+    """删除一条备料计划(不记账)。"""
+    p = db.session.get(PrepPlan, pid)
+    if p:
+        m = db.session.get(Material, p.material_id)
+        pn = m.part_number if m else f"#{pid}"
+        db.session.delete(p)
+        db.session.commit()
+        db.session.add(OperationLog(
+            operator=(g.user.display_name or g.user.username) if g.user else "?",
+            action="备料计划", target=pn, detail="删除备料"))
+        db.session.commit()
+        flash(f"已删除备料: {pn}", "ok")
+    return redirect(url_for("prepare"))
+
+
+@app.route("/prepare/clear", methods=["POST"])
+@login_required
+@role_required("admin", "manager")
+def prepare_clear():
+    """清空当前范围内全部备料计划(不记账, 破坏性操作)。
+
+    范围与页面显示一致，避免清空后页面还有残留行:
+    - 全部工厂视图(fid=None): 删除所有 prep_plan
+    - 某工厂视图: 删除该厂专属(factory_id==fid) + 共享(NULL) 的计划
+    """
+    fid = current_fid()
+    if fid:
+        rows = db.session.scalars(
+            db.select(PrepPlan).where(
+                (PrepPlan.factory_id == fid) | (PrepPlan.factory_id.is_(None)))).all()
+    else:
+        rows = db.session.scalars(db.select(PrepPlan)).all()
+    cnt = len(rows)
+    for p in rows:
+        db.session.delete(p)
+    db.session.commit()
+    db.session.add(OperationLog(
+        operator=(g.user.display_name or g.user.username) if g.user else "?",
+        action="备料计划", target="备料清单",
+        detail=f"清空 {cnt} 条备料计划(范围: {fid if fid else '全部'})"))
+    db.session.commit()
+    flash(f"已清空 {cnt} 条备料计划", "ok")
+    return redirect(url_for("prepare"))
+
+
+@app.route("/prepare/export")
+@login_required
+@role_required("admin", "manager")
+def prepare_export():
+    fid = current_fid()
+    rows = _compute_prep(fid)
+    cur = db.session.get(Factory, fid) if fid else None
+    scope = (f"{cur.code}·{cur.name}" if cur else "全部工厂(汇总)")
+    from excel_io import export_prep
+    path = os.path.join(EXE_DIR, f"备料清单_{date.today().isoformat()}.xlsx")
+    export_prep(path, rows, scope)
+    return send_file(path, as_attachment=True, download_name=os.path.basename(path))
+
+
 @app.route("/logs")
 @login_required
 @role_required("admin", "manager")
diff --git a/excel_io.py b/excel_io.py
index 1b7b691..32ce7ec 100644
--- a/excel_io.py
+++ b/excel_io.py
@@ -245,6 +245,35 @@ def export_inventory(path, rows):
     wb.save(path)
 
 
+def export_prep(path, rows, scope=""):
+    """导出备料清单(采购下单用, 不记账; 手工维护, 与生产订单无关)。
+
+    rows: [{id, m, plan(计划数量), stock(实际库存), diff(缺口=计划-库存), short}]
+    scope: 范围说明(工厂/全部)。
+    """
+    wb = Workbook()
+    ws = wb.active
+    ws.title = "备料清单"
+    head = ["物料编号", "型号/规格", "单位", "计划数量", "实际库存",
+            "缺口(计划-库存)", "状态", "范围"]
+    ws.append(head)
+    for c in ws[1]:
+        c.font = Font(bold=True)
+        c.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDEBF7")
+    for r in rows:
+        m = r["m"]
+        status = "需采购" if r["diff"] > 0 else ("刚好够" if r["diff"] == 0 else "已有盈余")
+        ws.append([m.part_number, m.manufacturer or "", m.unit or "个",
+                   r["plan"], r["stock"], r["diff"], status, scope])
+        # 缺口着色: >0 需采购标红; <0 盈余标绿
+        if r["diff"] > 0:
+            ws.cell(row=ws.max_row, column=6).fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="FFC7CE")
+        elif r["diff"] < 0:
+            ws.cell(row=ws.max_row, column=6).fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="C6EFCE")
+    ws.freeze_panes = "A2"
+    wb.save(path)
+
+
 def build_material_template(path):
     wb = Workbook()
     ws = wb.active
diff --git a/models.py b/models.py
index 6ab1ffc..dd7ed57 100644
--- a/models.py
+++ b/models.py
@@ -157,6 +157,25 @@ class Factory(db.Model):
     created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)
 
 
+# ---------------- 备料计划数量(人工录入, 不记账) ----------------
+class PrepPlan(db.Model):
+    """备料「计划数量」人工录入(不记账): 每个物料在某工厂范围下的计划采购量。
+
+    - (material_id, factory_id) 组合唯一; factory_id 为 NULL 表示「全部工厂(汇总)」范围的计划。
+    - plan_qty 为 NULL 表示「尚未填写」; 0 表示明确计划不采购。
+    - 仅用于采购下单参考, 不产生任何入库/出库流水。
+    """
+    __tablename__ = "prep_plan"
+    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
+    material_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("material.id"), nullable=False, index=True)
+    factory_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("factory.id"), nullable=True, index=True)
+    plan_qty = db.Column(db.Float, nullable=True, default=None)   # 计划采购数量(空=未填写)
+    note = db.Column(db.String(255), default="")
+    created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)
+    updated_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now, onupdate=datetime.now)
+    __table_args__ = (UniqueConstraint("material_id", "factory_id", name="uq_prep_plan_mf"),)
+
+
 # ---------------- M2-2: 厂间调拨 ----------------
 class Transfer(db.Model):
     """厂间调拨: 从源工厂调出、调入目标工厂(同一颗物料)。
diff --git a/static/style.css b/static/style.css
index 39c721c..870587a 100644
--- a/static/style.css
+++ b/static/style.css
@@ -79,6 +79,13 @@ button:hover, .btn:hover { filter: brightness(.96); }
 .badge.warn { background: #fff7e6; color: #ad6800; }
 .badge.danger { background: #fff1f0; color: #cf1322; }
 
+/* 备料: 计划数量差异指示 */
+.plan-input { padding: 3px 6px; border: 1px solid #d0d5dd; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 13px; }
+.plan-input:focus { outline: none; border-color: #4096ff; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(64,150,255,.15); }
+.diff { font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
+.diff-pos { color: #1a7f47; font-weight: 600; }   /* 计划 > 采购(多订) 绿 */
+.diff-neg { color: #cf1322; font-weight: 600; }   /* 计划 < 采购(少订) 红 */
+
 .flash { padding: 10px 14px; border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 12px; font-size: 14px; }
 .flash.ok { background: #e6f7ed; color: #1a7f47; }
 .flash.error { background: #fff1f0; color: #cf1322; }
diff --git a/templates/base.html b/templates/base.html
index 86c611d..2750709 100644
--- a/templates/base.html
+++ b/templates/base.html
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
     {% if g.user and g.user.role in ('admin','manager') %}
     <a href="{{ url_for('boms') }}">BOM</a>
     <a href="{{ url_for('orders') }}">生产订单</a>
+    <a href="{{ url_for('prepare') }}">备料</a>
     <a href="{{ url_for('report') }}">报表</a>
     <a href="{{ url_for('logs') }}">日志</a>
     <a href="{{ url_for('factories') }}">工厂</a>
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
     {% endfor %}
   {% endwith %}
   {% block content %}{% endblock %}
+  {% block scripts %}{% endblock %}
 </main>
 </body>
 </html>
diff --git a/templates/prepare.html b/templates/prepare.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23f26a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/prepare.html
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+{% extends "base.html" %}
+{% block title %}备料清单{% endblock %}
+{% block content %}
+<div class="toolbar">
+  <h3 style="margin:0">备料清单（采购下单用）</h3>
+  <span class="badge warn">不记账 · 按需用×套数预填</span>
+  <form method="post" action="{{ url_for('prepare_clear') }}" style="display:inline"
+        onsubmit="return confirm('确定清空当前范围内的全部备料计划？此操作不可撤销。');">
+    <button type="submit" class="btn danger">清空清单</button>
+  </form>
+  <a class="btn" href="{{ url_for('prepare_export') }}">导出 Excel</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="card" style="margin-bottom:16px">
+  <p class="small muted" style="margin-top:0">
+    本页为<b>独立的采购备料清单</b>：选一个 <b>BOM</b> 并输入<b>套数</b>，即按
+    <b>「计划数量 = BOM单套用量 × 套数」</b> 一键生成（可再手工改）；
+    也可在下方手工添加任意物料并填数量。当前范围：<b>{% if current_factory %}{{ current_factory.code }} · {{ current_factory.name }}{% else %}全部工厂（汇总）{% endif %}</b>；
+    「实际库存」「缺口」随顶栏工厂切换实时计算。
+  </p>
+  <p class="small muted" style="margin-bottom:0">
+    说明：本页与 Excel 导出均<b>只读</b>，不产生任何入库 / 出库流水，仅用于向供应商下单采购。
+    <b>缺口 = 计划数量 − 实际库存</b>（&gt;0 表示还需采购，&lt;0 表示库存已盈余）。
+  </p>
+</div>
+
+{# 添加物料 #}
+<form method="post" action="{{ url_for('prepare_add') }}" class="card" style="margin-bottom:16px;display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:flex-end;flex-wrap:wrap">
+  <div>
+    <label class="small muted">物料编号</label><br>
+    <input list="matlist" name="part_number" placeholder="输入或选择物料编号" style="width:240px" autocomplete="off" required>
+    <datalist id="matlist">
+      {% for m in materials %}<option value="{{ m.part_number }}">{{ m.manufacturer or '' }}</option>{% endfor %}
+    </datalist>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <label class="small muted">计划数量</label><br>
+    <input type="text" inputmode="decimal" name="qty" placeholder="可留空" style="width:120px;text-align:right">
+  </div>
+  <button type="submit" class="btn primary">添加物料</button>
+  <span class="muted small">手工录入单个物料（计划数量可留空，稍后填）</span>
+</form>
+
+{# 按 BOM 批量生成计划(计划数量 = 单套用量 × 套数) #}
+<form method="post" action="{{ url_for('prepare_add_bom') }}" class="card" style="margin-bottom:16px;display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:flex-end;flex-wrap:wrap">
+  <div>
+    <label class="small muted">① 选择 BOM</label><br>
+    <select id="bomSel" name="bom_id" style="width:300px">
+      <option value="">-- 选择 BOM --</option>
+      {% for b in bom_opts %}<option value="{{ b.id }}">{{ b.label }}</option>{% endfor %}
+    </select>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <label class="small muted">② 套数</label><br>
+    <input type="text" inputmode="decimal" name="sets" value="1" style="width:120px;text-align:right">
+  </div>
+  <button type="submit" class="btn primary">生成计划（需用×套数）</button>
+  <span class="muted small">计划数量 = BOM单套用量 × 套数，生成后可在表中手工调整</span>
+</form>
+
+<form method="post" action="{{ url_for('prepare_save') }}">
+  <div class="toolbar" style="justify-content:flex-end">
+    <span class="muted small">修改计划数量后点此保存</span>
+    <button type="submit" class="btn primary">保存计划数量</button>
+  </div>
+  <table class="tbl">
+    <thead><tr>
+      <th>物料编号</th><th>型号/规格</th><th>单位</th>
+      <th>计划数量</th><th>实际库存</th><th>缺口</th><th>状态</th><th>操作</th>
+    </tr></thead>
+    <tbody>
+      {% for r in rows %}
+      <tr class="{{ 'row-danger' if r.diff > 0 else '' }}">
+        <td><a href="{{ url_for('material_detail', mid=r.m.id) }}" title="进入工厂物料">{{ r.m.part_number }}</a></td>
+        <td>{{ r.m.manufacturer or '-' }}</td>
+        <td>{{ r.m.unit or '个' }}</td>
+        <td>
+          <input type="text" inputmode="decimal" name="plan_{{ r.id }}"
+                 class="plan-input" style="width:90px;text-align:right"
+                 value="{{ '%.2f'|format(r.plan) if r.plan else '' }}"
+                 data-stock="{{ '%.2f'|format(r.stock) }}">
+        </td>
+        <td class="num">{{ '%.2f'|format(r.stock) }}</td>
+        <td class="num"><span class="diff" id="diff_{{ r.id }}">{{ '%.2f'|format(r.diff) }}</span></td>
+        <td><span class="badge {{ 'danger' if r.diff > 0 else 'ok' }}">{{ '需采购' if r.diff > 0 else ('盈余' if r.diff < 0 else '刚好') }}</span></td>
+        <td>
+          <form method="post" action="{{ url_for('prepare_delete', pid=r.id) }}" style="display:inline"
+                onsubmit="return confirm('确定删除该备料物料？');">
+            <button type="submit" class="btn danger small">删除</button>
+          </form>
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      {% else %}
+      <tr><td colspan="8" class="muted">还没有添加任何备料物料，请选择 BOM 加入或手工录入。</td></tr>
+      {% endfor %}
+    </tbody>
+  </table>
+</form>
+{% endblock %}
+
+{% block scripts %}
+<script>
+  // 计划数量实时计算缺口 = 计划 - 实际库存
+  function recalcDiff(input) {
+    var row = input.closest('tr');
+    var diffEl = row.querySelector('.diff');
+    if (!diffEl) return;
+    var stock = parseFloat(input.getAttribute('data-stock')) || 0;
+    var val = input.value.trim();
+    if (val === '') { diffEl.textContent = ''; diffEl.className = 'diff'; return; }
+    var plan = parseFloat(val);
+    if (isNaN(plan)) { diffEl.textContent = '—'; diffEl.className = 'diff'; return; }
+    var d = Math.round((plan - stock) * 100) / 100;
+    diffEl.textContent = d.toFixed(2);
+    diffEl.className = 'diff ' + (d < 0 ? 'diff-neg' : (d > 0 ? 'diff-pos' : ''));
+    var badge = row.querySelector('.badge');
+    if (badge) {
+      badge.className = 'badge ' + (d > 0 ? 'danger' : 'ok');
+      badge.textContent = d > 0 ? '需采购' : (d < 0 ? '盈余' : '刚好');
+    }
+  }
+  document.querySelectorAll('.plan-input').forEach(function (inp) {
+    inp.addEventListener('input', function () { recalcDiff(this); });
+    recalcDiff(inp);  // 初始(回填值)
+  });
+</script>
+{% endblock %}